What are Qubits?

They are the fundamental units of information in quantum computing. Unlike classical bits, which can be either 0 or 1, qubits can exist in a superposition of both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This ability arises from the principles of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement. Qubits can also be entangled, meaning the state of one qubit is directly related to the state of another, even at a distance. These properties allow quantum computers to perform complex calculations more efficiently than classical computers.

Visualise Entangled qubits

Linked Quantum Bits, such that the state of one instantly influences the other, regardless of distance. This phenomenon drives quantum computing's potential for parallel processing.

QUBIT - 1 :

Excited State

QUBIT - 2 :

Ground State

COUPLER :

Coupled

In a two-qubit quantum system, there are four possible states:-

| 00 ⟩

| 01 ⟩

| 10 ⟩

| 11 ⟩

Each qubit can be in a superposition of

| 0 ⟩

and

| 1 ⟩

,
so the overall state of the two qubits can be a superposition of these four basis states.

In a three-qubit quantum system, there are eight possible states

- $| 000 ⟩$ - $| 001 ⟩$ - $| 010 ⟩$ - $| 011 ⟩$ - $| 100 ⟩$ - $| 101 ⟩$ - $| 110 ⟩$ - $| 111 ⟩$

Each qubit can be in a superposition, so the overall state of the three qubits can be a superposition of these eight basis states.

In a quantum system, the number of possible states for

N

qubits is

2^{N}

because each qubit can be in a superposition of two states:

| 0 ⟩

and

| 1 ⟩

. For a single qubit, there are

2^{1} = 2

possible states. For two qubits, there are

2^{2} = 4

possible states. As the number of qubits increases, the number of possible states grows exponentially, making quantum systems incredibly powerful for processing information.

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What are Qubits?

Visualise Entangled qubits

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